Colon cancer occurs when abnormal, or precancerous, growths form in the large intestine. It’s the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the US and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The American Cancer Society recommends regular colonoscopy screenings for individuals ages 50-75 to help reduce the risk of developing colon cancer.

Unfortunately, colon cancer often produces no symptoms in the early stages. The most common symptom is a change in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, which can occur for a variety of reasons. It’s important to see a doctor and get a colonoscopy screening if you notice any persistent changes in your bowel habits, as early detection is key to successful treatment. 

The rectum, the final several inches of the large intestine, is where rectal cancer originates. Colorectal cancer, the combination of colon and rectal cancer, can occur in either the colon or rectum, or both. It’s important to understand the different types of colorectal cancer, as well as their risk factors and symptoms. 

Risk factors for colorectal cancer vary, but include age, ethnicity, lifestyle, and family history. It’s important to talk to your doctor about any risk factors you may have, as well as any changes in your health. Though colon cancer can be life-threatening, regular screenings and early detection can help reduce the risk of developing it. Early detection is key to successful treatment and a better prognosis.

Common Symptoms and Signs of Colorectal Cancer

Below are some of the most prevalent signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer:

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Changes in the consistency of stools (narrow or dark)
• Fatigue and weakness
• Continual urge to defecate despite already passing stools
• Bright red blood from the rectum
• Gas, cramping, bloating, and abdominal pain

Abdominal pain and weight loss typically occur in the later stages of the cancer. If the cancer has spread to other parts of the body like the liver, additional symptoms can occur like jaundice.

Colorectal Cancer Causes

The body is made up of trillions of cells. Usually, these cells follow an orderly process of growth, division, and death, keeping the body functioning properly. However, when cells grow and divide uncontrollably and do not die at the normal point in their life cycle, cancer can develop.

Colon cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide, is a result of changes in DNA within cells. So, what are the exact causes of colon cancer? According to the American Cancer Society, the exact cause of colon cancer is not known. However, certain factors may increase the risk of developing the disease. These include:

• Age: The risk of developing colon cancer increases with age. Most cases of colon cancer occur in people over the age of 50.
• Diet: A diet high in red and processed meat, as well as a low-fiber diet, may increase the risk of colon cancer.
• Genetics: People with a family history of colon cancer have an increased risk of developing the disease.
• Polyps: Polyps are growths that form on the inside of the colon. Polyps are noncancerous, but cancer can begin with some types of polyps. If a person has a type of noncancerous polyp called an adenomatous polyp, they have an increased risk of developing colon cancer.

In addition to these risk factors, other lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, have also been linked to an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Although the exact cause of colon cancer is still unknown, it is important to be aware of the risk factors and take steps to reduce your risk. 

Eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking are all steps that can help reduce your risk of developing colon cancer. Additionally, it is important to get regular screenings for colon cancer to catch any potential signs of the disease early on.